Organizational Behavior System in Jgtdsl, Bangladesh

Introduction: - Organizational Behavior (OB) is the study and application of knowledge about how people, individuals, and groups act in organizations. It does this by taking a system approach. That is, it interprets people-organization relationships in terms of the whole person, whole group, whole organization, and whole social system. Its purpose is to build better relationships by achieving human objectives, organizational objectives, and social objectives Elements of Organizational Behavior:- The organizations base rests on managements philosophy, values, vision and goals. This in turn drives the organizational culture which is composed of the formal organization, informal organization, and the social environment. The culture†¦show more content†¦This process is known as Action Research. 5. Contingency Orientation: Actions are selected and adapted to fit the need. 6. Change Agent: Stimulate, facilitate, and coordinate change. 7. Levels of Interventions: Problems can occur at one or more level in the organization so the strategy will require one or more interventions. An organizational behavior system:- [pic] Figure – An organizational behavior system Elements of the system Philosophy- the philosophy of organizational behavior held by management cconsist of an integrated set of assumption and benefits about the way things are the purpose of these activities , and the way they should be. The philosophies are some times explicit and occationally amplict, in the mindes of managers. Five major organizational behavior philosophies- autocratic, custodial, supportive, collegial, and system-and their implication are bdiscussed later in this assignment. Values:- Values can be defined as those things that are important to or valued by someone. That someone can be an individual or, collectively, an organization. One place where values are important is in relation to vision. Values are the embodiment of what an organization stands for, and should be the basis for the behavior of its members. Vision- vision represents a challenging portrait of what the organization and its members

Defining and Measuring Crime free essay sample

Defining and Measuring Crime The Uniform Crime Report (ucr) is an annually (yearly) report compiled by the FBI to give an indication of criminal activity. They organize offenses known to the police. The I-JCR divides the criminal offenses into categories: part 1 offense and part II offense. Part 1 offenses are crimes that are recorded by the FBI to give a general idea of the crime picture. Part 1 offenses crimes can be covered by the media and consequently nspire the most fear if crime in population. The majority crimes that fall into the part 1 offenses are property crimes. There are several types of part 1 offenses: criminal homicide- murder and non-negligent, manslaughter (the willful killing of a human being), manslaughter by negligence (the killing of a human being), forcible rape (female forcibly and against her will), robbery (taking/attempted to take anything of value), aggravated assault (unlawful attack by one person on another), burglary breaking and entering), larceny/ theft (unlawful taking away of property from the possession of another), motor vehicle theft (theft or attempted theft of a motor vehicle) and arson (malicious burning or attempted burning). We will write a custom essay sample on Defining and Measuring Crime or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Part 2 offenses are all crimes recorded by the FBI that do not fall into the category of part 1 offenses. The most common offenses are drug abuse violations, driving under the influence and assault that dont result in harm. Part 2 are measured by arrest data. Mala in se and ala prohibtia often express the social function of criminal law. Mala in se are inherently wrong, regardless of whether they are prohibited by law. The crimes go against natural, moral and public principles of a society. Some examples are murder, rape and theft. Mala prohibita are acts that are considered crimes because they have been codified as human made laws. Crime is only considered wrong if it has been prohibited. Having two spouses at once is considered a mala prohibita crime.

World Starvation

Introduction The issue of world starvation is real in this millennium. So many people are facing starvation. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) puts the figure to about one billion of the people facing starvation in 2010. The statistics for hunger are troubling with about 18, 000 children dying everyday of hunger related issues (FAO 1).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on World Starvation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In 2005, about 1.4 billion people were in extreme poverty. The World Bank estimated that food prices would shoot up in 2008 and following the recent global down turn the prices have escalated pushing more people into poverty and thus hunger. The challenge of hunger or food insecurity is enormous in areas within low incomes areas. Finding a solution to world starvation is not an easy one because the number of undernourished people is very high. Scientists and policy makers have been working i n the area of food technology to help overcome with the problem of world hunger. In 2010, the number of undernourished people declined due to a slight improved economy especially in the developing nations. Moreover, food prices have fallen from the high prices experienced in 2008. FAO puts the undernourished at 925 million this year compared to 1.023 billion in 2009 as shown in figure below. Source: FAO Most of the gains were made in Asia where there were 80 million less hungry. In sub-Saharan Africa the number reduced by 12 million. Nonetheless, the number of the hungry is still very high due to the current world economic situation, poverty, famine and conflict and a solution is needed to improve food security in the world and more so in areas with chronic food crises.Advertising Looking for essay on agriculture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Food technology Developments in food technology have enabled many people to acces s food. The life span of human beings has also increased in many parts of the world because the people have food that has improved their life quality. The developing nations have not been left behind and life span has risen in the recent decades. The advancement made in food technology has helped to feed the high world population due to high grain production. Scientists working in the food and technology field have come up with various ways of increasing food production. New ways of feeding the world population have been developed such as genetic engineering and biotechnology (Prakash and Conko 1). These methods are aimed at improving food security. Genetically modified foods Genetically modified foods have been introduced in a bid to curb world starvation. Through genetic modification, foods and animals are modified through the manipulation of genes to yields the best possible yields according to the needs of human beings. Moreover, crops can be modified to make them more resistant to pests and thus protect them to ensure good yields. Agricultural technologies in developed countries Farmers in the countries that have embraced food technology and in particular genetically modified foods are now able to produce double of the grains they were producing in the same size of land. The genetically modified foods ensure good produce and mature faster than the conventional crops. Countries especially the developed ones have embraced genetically modified crops and for example in the United Kingdom genetically modified crops such as soya, maize, tomatoes and cheese have been approved (Jones 1). The United States has approved a wheat has also embraced genetically engineered food and currently the debate on the approval of genetically modified salmon is ongoing. However, not everyone has embraced genetically modified foods due to healthy and safety concerns. Some people have fears about the safety of genetically modified foods because some are said to be harmful. Thus, pe ople have to be educated about the use of genetically modified foods to array the fears they have and to use them to supply their nutritional needs. Scientists have across the globe â€Å"have attested to the health and environmental safety of agricultural biotechnology† and they call for its use especially by countries that have major hunger problems (Prakash and Conko 1). Many health and scientific organizations have endorsed biotechnology for example, the American Medical Association and the United Kingdom Royal Society.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on World Starvation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Agriculture technologies in Africa Agricultural technologies have helped to improve food security for many countries. Thus, efforts are being made to encourage African countries embrace agricultural technologies. There is need for African nations to embrace food technology because most of the poor people live in rural areas in the developing countries. Africa cannot afford to ignore agricultural technologies to improve its food production to feed its high population. The continent is a major importer of grains and its grain production has remained at the same level for over four decades (McPherson 5). The African leaders have taken a step towards reversing this trend. The first step they have taken is to pledge to increase the budget allocated to agriculture. The increased budget will help the farmers in the rural area produce adequate food for their consumption. The money allocated in the budget will go a long way in aid research to come up with food varieties that are suitable for the African climate. Use of synthetic pesticides and fertilizers Fertilizer and pesticide use is crucial in agriculture. The cost of fertilizer is high and many African governments have taken a step in making fertilizers available to the farmers through subsidies. Other steps have been by working in conj unction with banks to provide farmers with loans to secure fertilizers for instance the Equity Bank in Kenya. Malawi is a success story in adapting food technologies to improve its food production, which has made it a breadbasket for South African region. The government gave farmers subsidy in buying fertilizers and many farmers attributed the 2007 bumper harvest to government’s effort (Dugger 2). Green revolution in the Caribbean and Latin America The green revolution in Latin American and Caribbean has led to increased food production. These two regions have been able to provide food for their population even though about 55% live in the rural area in poverty in a region that is richly endowed with natural resources (Izquierdo and De la Riva 1). The region has failed to produce adequate food to feed its population due to desertification, floods, soil erosion among other factors. Therefore, it is important for the region to embrace food technologies that will help the region to feed its population.Advertising Looking for essay on agriculture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The region has applied agricultural technologies more vigorously because earlier on only a few applications food technologies were utilized. The region has realized that it cannot continue to depend on the success of the green revolution to provide food because the method cannot bring in the success required to feed the whole region. Biotechnology methods must be adapted to reduce the dependence on imports for the provision of basic grain needs for the population. In this regard, FAO has come up with a program called the Special Program for Food Security (SPFS) to assist countries to increase their food productivity. The program will help the region to improve and develop their biotechnology because in the past the kind of agricultural technologies applied have not been successful because they failed to address the unique needs of the region (Izquierdo and De la Riva 1). Conclusion Food technology is important if the world is to overcome the current starvation problem. The technolog y will help to solve the problem of crop pest infestation and increase crop yields. The methods applied in biotechnology will help to come up with crops that can withstand the current environmental conditions such as drought resistant crops. So far, many people have benefited from genetically modified crops grown across sixteen nations in the world. Many farmers in the developed countries have benefited from the agricultural technologies in the less developed countries. The adaption of food technology in the developing countries shows that these technologies can be transferred and used in countries that are less industrialized just like in the developed countries (Prakash and Conko 1). Using agricultural technologies will enable the countries in many parts of the world to gain food security. A world with adequate food will give the people an opportunity to live full quality lives and improve their economic status. As long as people have adequate food supply they will be in a positio n to produce grains to ensure that, all year round they have food because hungry people cannot be in a position to produce food. Having adequate food to feed the undernourished and the people facing starvation will help to reduce the number of deaths that occur daily while a few millions are overfed. Works Cited Dugger, Celia. †Ending famine, simply by ignoring farmers. New York Times, 2 Dec. 2007. Food and Agriculture Organization. Addressing food insecurity in protracted crises.  fao.org. 2010. web 24 Nov. 2010. Izquierdo, Juan and De la Riva, Gustavo. â€Å"Plant biotechnology and food security in Latin America and the Caribbean.† Journal of Biotechnology 3.1 (2000): 1-2. Jones, Leighton. â€Å"Genetically modified foods.† British Medical Journal 318. 3 (1999): 581- 584. McPherson, Peter. The global food crisis: causes and solutions. usaid.gov .14 May. 2008. Web. Prakash, Sikh and Gregory Conko. â€Å"Saving billions with Technology.† Journal of  Te chnology, 3.1 (2007): 1-6. This essay on World Starvation was written and submitted by user Felix Mays to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Writing Young Adult Fiction An Editor’s Guide to Awesome YA

Writing Young Adult Fiction An Editor’s Guide to Awesome YA Writing Young Adult Fiction: An Editor’s Guide to Awesome YA Last updated: 04/12/2018Young Adult is perhaps the largest category of new fiction today. Or, to put it another way, writing young adult fiction seems to be at an all-time high. There’s something about adolescence - coming of age, first loves, first triumphs, loss of innocence - that makes it the perfect backdrop for raw, honest storytelling. No matter how far we get away from them in time, the memories of our teenage years tend to remain fresh.Kate Angelella is an experienced YA editor, formerly of Simon Schuster. She has edited a number of popular series including Nancy Drew and The Hardy Boys. In this post, she shares her top tips for writing Young Adult fiction. 1. Don’t think of YA as ‘adult fiction that’s been dumbed-down’Some of my favorite YA novelists are accidental children’s book authors. YA pioneer Francesca Lia Block - and author/maven of some of the most lyrical prose you’ll find this side of Gabriel Garcà ­a Mrquez - is a fine example. She did not intend to write her cult classic Weetzie Bat series as children’s books, but Weetzie was destined to be a YA protagonist for the ages, doing and saying things while she came of age that would make Holden Caulfield blush, and the rest of us rejoice.Though your character’s voice should be authentic to her identity and life experience, you never have to (and never should) simplify the language, story, or style choices in your novel in order to talk down to teen readers. YA authors should aspire to write at least as well as they would for adult fiction- and there are innumerable examples of YA fiction that outshine even the prettiest prose adult lit-fic has to offer. #YA Tip 1: Young Adult isn't just dumbed-down mainstream fiction. 2. Make sure your characters are the right ageDisney's adaptation of 'The Princess Diaries'Cabot also employs repetition to communicate her main character, Mia’s voice. Note in the first paragraph how two sentences in a row begin with â€Å"he’s cool if† and the next several sentences begin with â€Å"he’s NOT so cool if.†He’s cool if you’re Lilly Moscovitz.He’s cool if you’re good at Algebra†¦.He’s not so cool if you’re flunking Algebra, like me.He’s not so cool if he makes you stay after school†¦.He’s not so cool if he calls your mother†¦then ASKS HER OUT.And he’s not so cool if he’s sticking his tongue in your mom’s mouth.Almost as though she’s ticking items off a list. Through the repetition, you can feel her attitude. There is some snarkiness and drama present here, but note that it’s not off-putting or snarky to the point of meanness or cr uelty, which would make us dislike her. Mia is pretty justified in feeling what she’s feeling here, and she’s not overly sarcastic. There are a few places where Cabot uses caps lock to get across Mia’s dramatic nature, but she’s not so ridiculous that we’re rolling our eyes.The next example is from the opening of MT Anderson’s Feed.We went to the moon to have fun, but the moon turned out to completely suck.We went on a Friday, because there was shit-all to do at home. It was the beginning of spring break. Everything at home was boring. Link Arwaker was like, â€Å"I’m so null,† and Marty was like, â€Å"I’m null too, unit,† but I mean we were all pretty null, because for the last like hour we’d been playing with three uninsulated wires that were coming out of the wall. We were trying to ride shocks off them. So Marty told us there was this fun place for lo-grav on the moon. Lo-grav can be kind of stupid, bu t this was supposed to be good.Probably one of my favorite first lines in any book, ever. We went to the moon to have fun, but the moon turned out to completely suck. What does this sentence say about the main character, Titus, and the world he lives in?The language is casual like in Cabot’s example, but there’s a different feel to this voice. While Mia’s voice felt a bit dramatic, Titus seems just the opposite. â€Å"Shit-all† to do. Boring. Stupid. Without it being stated outright, Titus comes across as kind of apathetic and impassive. And though there are some words in there that Anderson has made up (null, unit) we are able to understand through context and tone that these words, too, are adding to the generally cool, dispassionate feel of Titus’ voice.The last example comes from the opening chapter of The Hate U Give by Angie Thomas, which hit #1 on the New York Times Bestseller list its first week out. It’s a novel that explores police brutality and systemic racism in America.We break out the crowd. Big D’s house is packed wall-to-wall. I’ve always heard that everybody and their momma comes to his spring break parties- well, everybody except me- but damn, I didn’t know it would be this many people. Girls wear their hair colored, curled, laid, and slayed. Got me feeling basic as hell with my ponytail. Guys in their freshest kicks and sagging pants grind so close to girls they just about need condoms. My nana likes to say that spring brings love, but it promises babies in the winter. I wouldn’t be surprised if a lot of them are conceived the night of Big D’s party. He always has it on the Friday of spring break because you need Saturday to recover and Sunday to repent.Starr is the narrator: her voice is thick on the page. Take the sentence: Girls wear their hair colored, curled, laid, and slayed. You can feel the rhythm, the cadence of these words. Word choices like â€Å"mommaâ €  and â€Å"everybody.† Slang like â€Å"kicks† and â€Å"basic,† â€Å"laid and slayed.† From this paragraph, I can tell that Starr is very matter-of-fact. There’s no room for sarcasm or dramatics or even apathy, as in the other examples I’ve read from today. She’s telling it like it is, no frills. No fuss.In all of these examples, see how the punctuation (or lack of punctuation) and sentence-and-paragraph length play a role in the feel of a voice too. #YA Tip 5: Try to nail your protagonist's way of speaking (and don't try to make 'Fetch' happen) 6. Don't write around heavy subject matterOne of the most common statements I hear in my freelance career? â€Å"My main character is a teen, but I don’t think my novel is YA because the content is too dark.†Now I’m not saying that no subject matter is too dark for the YA market (my husband, J.R. Angelella, did a superb job of showcasing that too dark can be an actual thing with his first novel, Zombie). But I will say this: remember that your target audience is experiencing sex, drugs, bad language, and all the other Big Bads you might dream up in their everyday lives, whether they are active participants or not; writing about the teen experience is what YA is all about.So long as you’re writing with purpose (and not just writing to be edgy), embracing heavy subject matter is essential when writing a YA novel that is both authentic and relatable. #YA Tip 6: Embrace heavy subject matter if you want to write a relatable YA novel. @kateangelella 7. Don’t write into trendsIt can be difficult to avoid the temptation of choosing your subject matter based on the latest Publisher’s Marketplace deal that just sold at auction for a â€Å"major deal.† But the truth is, trends in YA are fickle. By the time you get around to shopping your novel, the trend may have already passed.The surefire way to ensure that an agent, editor, or reader will fall madly in love with your book is to write about something that lights you on fire. Something you wake up every day ecstatic to write, regardless of the topic’s trend status. Your passion and originality will come through, and there is nothing more infectious."When reviewing YA submissions,† says Melissa Nasson, Associate Agent for Rubin Pfeffer Content, â€Å"one of my biggest gripes is when I start reading and immediately feel that I've read something similar before. Originality is so important, so when I sense that an author is trying to emulate Suzanne Co llins or Veronica Roth rather than telling their own story, it makes me less inclined to continue reading†¦. if I find the manuscript too familiar, then editors (and eventually readers) certainly will too." #YA Tip 7: Don't write into trends. When  you get to shopping your novel, the trend may have already passed 8. Papa, don’t preachSome call it preaching, some call it didacticism. Whatever you call it, whatever you do, please don’t talk down to your YA reader.By this, I mean that you should never set your main character up to take a fall simply to teach him or her a thing or two. Not only will your teen reader smell the fakey-fake lesson cooking in your prose a mile off, but your YA novel will also suffer for it. Because writing YA is not about the result at the novel’s conclusion; it’s about the journey, about finding the center of your character’s emotional truth to present a very real, very relatable human being who is currently in flux, and figuring things out.YA readers deserve your emotional honesty. They deserve authentic, emotionally resonant characters that serve to show them they aren’t alone, not characters who are being used as tools to sell moral high ground or life lessons. #YA Tip 8: Don't try to 'teach your reader a lesson'. Teens can smell that a mile off. @kateangelella To learn more about how to write a young adult novel, check out Kate's FREE course on Reedsy Learning,  The Ten Commandments of Writing YA Novels.Are you an author of fiction for teen readers? Do you have any questions about the art of writing young adult fiction, drop Kate a message in the comments below.

Principles of Newtons Law of Gravity

Principles of Newtons Law of Gravity Newtons law of gravity defines the attractive force between all objects that possess mass. Understanding the law of gravity, one of the fundamental forces of physics, offers profound insights into the way our universe functions. The Proverbial Apple The famous story that Isaac Newton came up with the idea for the law of gravity by having an apple fall on his head is not true, although he did begin thinking about the issue on his mothers farm when he saw an apple fall from a tree. He wondered if the same force at work on the apple was also at work on the moon. If so, why did the apple fall to the Earth and not the moon? Along with his Three Laws of Motion, Newton also outlined his law of gravity in the 1687 book Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica (Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy), which is generally referred to as the Principia. Johannes Kepler (German physicist, 1571-1630) had developed three laws governing the motion of the five then-known planets. He did not have a theoretical model for the principles governing this movement, but rather achieved them through trial and error over the course of his studies. Newtons work, nearly a century later, was to take the laws of motion he had developed and applied them to planetary motion to develop a rigorous mathematical framework for this planetary motion. Gravitational Forces Newton eventually came to the conclusion that, in fact, the apple and the moon were influenced by the same force. He named that force gravitation (or gravity) after the Latin word gravitas which literally translates into heaviness or weight. In the Principia, Newton defined the force of gravity in the following way (translated from the Latin): Every particle of matter in the universe attracts every other particle with a force that is directly proportional to the product of the masses of the particles and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. Mathematically, this translates into the force equation: FG Gm1m2/r2 In this equation, the quantities are defined as: Fg The force of gravity (typically in newtons)G The gravitational constant, which adds the proper level of proportionality to the equation. The value of G is 6.67259 x 10-11 N * m2 / kg2, although the value will change if other units are being used.m1 m1 The masses of the two particles (typically in kilograms)r The straight-line distance between the two particles (typically in meters) Interpreting the Equation This equation gives us the magnitude of the force, which is an attractive force and therefore always directed toward the other particle. As per Newtons Third Law of Motion, this force is always equal and opposite. Newtons Three Laws of Motion give us the tools to interpret the motion caused by the force and we see that the particle with less mass (which may or may not be the smaller particle, depending upon their densities) will accelerate more than the other particle. This is why light objects fall to the Earth considerably faster than the Earth falls toward them. Still, the force acting on the light object and the Earth is of identical magnitude, even though it doesnt look that way. It is also significant to note that the force is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the objects. As objects get further apart, the force of gravity drops very quickly. At most distances, only objects with very high masses such as planets, stars, galaxies, and black holes have any significant gravity effects. Center of Gravity In an object composed of many particles, every particle interacts with every particle of the other object. Since we know that forces (including gravity) are vector quantities, we can view these forces as having components in the parallel and perpendicular directions of the two objects. In some objects, such as spheres of uniform density, the perpendicular components of force will cancel each other out, so we can treat the objects as if they were point particles, concerning ourselves with only the net force between them. The center of gravity of an object (which is generally identical to its center of mass) is useful in these situations. We view gravity and perform calculations as if the entire mass of the object were focused at the center of gravity. In simple shapes - spheres, circular disks, rectangular plates, cubes, etc. - this point is at the geometric center of the object. This idealized model of gravitational interaction can be applied in most practical applications, although in some more esoteric situations such as a non-uniform gravitational field, further care may be necessary for the sake of precision. Gravity Index Newtons Law of GravityGravitational FieldsGravitational Potential EnergyGravity, Quantum Physics, General Relativity Introduction to Gravitational Fields Sir Isaac Newtons law of universal gravitation (i.e. the law of gravity) can be restated  into  the form of a  gravitational field, which can prove to be a useful means of looking at the situation. Instead of calculating the forces between two objects every time, we instead say that an object with mass creates a gravitational field around it. The gravitational field is defined as the force of gravity at a given point divided by the mass of an object at that point. Both  g  and  Fg  have arrows above them, denoting their  vector nature. The source mass  M  is now capitalized. The  r  at the end of the rightmost two formulas has a carat (^) above it, which means that it is a  unit vector  in the direction from the source point of the mass  M. Since the vector points away from the source while the force (and field) are directed toward the source, a negative is introduced to make the vectors point in the correct direction. This equation depicts a  vector field  around  M  which is always directed toward it, with a value equal to an objects gravitational acceleration within the field. The units of the gravitational field are m/s2. Gravity Index Newtons Law of GravityGravitational FieldsGravitational Potential EnergyGravity, Quantum Physics, General Relativity When an object moves in a gravitational field,  work  must be done to get it from one place to another (starting point 1 to  endpoint  2). Using calculus, we take the integral of the force from the starting position to the end position. Since the gravitational constants and the masses remain constant, the integral turns out to be just the integral of 1 /  r2  multiplied by the constants. We define the gravitational potential energy,  U, such that  W  Ã‚  U1  -  U2. This yields the equation to the right, for the Earth (with mass  mE. In some other gravitational field,  mE  would be replaced with the appropriate mass, of course. Gravitational Potential Energy on Earth On the Earth, since we know the quantities involved, the gravitational potential energy  U  can be reduced to an equation in terms of the mass  m  of an object, the acceleration of gravity (g   9.8 m/s), and the distance  y  above the coordinate origin (generally the ground in a gravity problem). This simplified  equation  yields  gravitational potential energy  of: U  Ã‚  mgy There are some other details of applying  gravity on the Earth, but this is the relevant fact with regards to gravitational potential energy. Notice that if  r  gets bigger (an object goes higher), the gravitational potential energy increases (or becomes less negative). If the object moves lower, it gets closer to the Earth, so the gravitational potential energy decreases (becomes more negative). At an infinite difference, the gravitational potential energy goes to zero. In general, we really only care about the  difference  in the potential energy when an object moves in the gravitational field, so this negative value isnt a concern. This formula is applied in energy calculations within a gravitational field.  As a form of energy, gravitational potential energy is subject to  the law of conservation of energy. Gravity Index: Newtons Law of GravityGravitational FieldsGravitational Potential EnergyGravity, Quantum Physics, General Relativity Gravity   General Relativity When Newton presented his theory of gravity, he had no mechanism for how the force worked. Objects drew each other across giant gulfs of empty space, which seemed to go against everything that scientists would expect. It would be over two centuries before a theoretical framework would adequately explain  why  Newtons theory actually worked. In his  Theory of General Relativity,  Albert Einstein  explained gravitation as the curvature of spacetime around any mass. Objects with greater mass caused greater curvature, and thus exhibited greater gravitational pull. This has been supported by research that has shown light actually curves around massive objects such as the sun, which would be predicted by the theory since space itself curves at that point and light will follow the simplest path through space. Theres greater detail to the theory, but thats the major point. Quantum Gravity Current efforts in  quantum physics  are attempting to unify all of the  fundamental forces of physics  into one unified force which manifests in different ways. So far, gravity is proving the greatest hurdle to incorporate into the unified theory. Such a  theory of quantum gravity would finally  unify  general relativity with quantum  mechanics into a single, seamless and elegant view that all of  nature  functions under one fundamental type of particle interaction. In the field of  quantum gravity, it is theorized that there exists a  virtual particle  called a  graviton  that mediates the gravitational  force because that is how the other three fundamental forces operate (or one force, since they have been, essentially, unified together already). The graviton has not, however, been experimentally observed. Applications of Gravity This article has addressed the fundamental principles of gravity. Incorporating gravity into kinematics and mechanics calculations is pretty easy, once you understand how to interpret  gravity on the surface of the Earth. Newtons major goal was to explain planetary motion. As mentioned earlier,  Johannes Kepler  had devised three laws of  planetary motion  without the use of Newtons law of gravity. They are, it turns out, fully consistent and one can prove all of Keplers Laws by applying Newtons theory of universal gravitation.

Marketing your own arts event or project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Marketing your own arts event or project - Essay Example In an argument by Bose (2010) the product, promotion, place and price analysis is mandatory. From this information, the marketing plan develops insights on the exact approach to the market in regards to selling the strategy. In terms of marketing a musical event, the four Ps of marketing would provide the target market with the accurate information to the product, the place to which the concert would be held, promotional approaches to be used and the price of tickets. The product in this regard is the music concert. The product in this place is a norm in this market (Kerin, 2012). For this reason, the main act would be accompanied by opening acts from already established artist. The opening acts should have the maximum preference of the target market. The event target teenagers and young adults. For this reason, the opening acts should have at least a minimum of 3-Year dominance in the music industry. To increase the relevance of the product, the main act should provide an analysis on what the audience may expect during the concert. The event main product is selling to the industry a new artist. The music industry is highly trendy considering the numerous shifts in market preferences. For this reason, the use of online modes of promotional would be appropriate. The event would use mega social sites for the promotion of the event. Specifically, the main and opening acts would use their social networks handles to increase the quantity of information provided to the market. The use of the conventional media would also be appropriate. This is based on that the approach offers a wider market reach. Evenson (2011) asserts that the success of promotional strategies is based on how well it achieves the objective of the product. In this case, the objective of the product is to provide a sold out event. The price of the event is directly

Bioenergy Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Bioenergy - Term Paper Example When forests are managed sustainably, their biodiversity, vitality, productivity, and capacity to regenerate both at present and in the future is conserved. As a result, the forests maintain their capacity to perform social, economic, ecologic functions without interfering with other ecosystems negatively at the local, national and global levels. There are several challenges to sustainable use of forest-derived bioenergy sources including the land-use conflict and land availability in many areas (Oko Institut 10). When selective logging is done at a rate that is sustainable, the forest is bound to be conserved. By adopting Reduced Impact Logging (RIL) practices such as establishing buffer zones along watersheds and streams, applying modern technologies to mitigate effects of log extraction and careful planning of the forest to prevent forest encroachment by humans, the productivity of the forest will be sustained according to CBD (Oko Institut, 8). Even as forest resources are harves ted, the way they are used determines the how much sustainable the resources will last. Wood products can be recycled to reduce the rate at which forests are harvested. Furthermore, when agro-forest bi-products and residues such as leaves, husks, shells, and straw are used in producing energy, the rate at which felling of trees is done can be greatly reduced. Developing countries have a lot of forest resources compared to developed countries according to Tomaselli (V). In this respect, the capacity of developing nations to produce high amounts of bioenergy compared to developed countries. However, with respect to sustainability, the developing countries have a long way to go. This is so considering that the policies instituted by their governments with an aim of making sustainable development are never well implemented. Furthermore, the technologies that they commonly use in the production and application of the energies are less efficient. In overall, both developed and underdevelo ped countries have a huge capacity to increase their share of forest bioenergy production, the former having the need to capitalize on the technological advantage that they have. 2. Realizing the potential a. Compare and contrast developed and less developed countries with respect to the potential for increasing the share of energy supplied by forest resources. Both developed and developing countries to some extent depend on forest resources to provide energy used in industries and for domestic purposes. However, forest resources can easily get depleted when used in a manner that is unsustainable whether in developed or underdeveloped countries. Forest derived bio-energy in most places is used in the form of fuel wood or charcoal. In developed countries, using biofuels including those from forests has often been considered old fashioned, its share in the national economy grossly declining until the period succeeding the oil crisis that hit the world in the 1970s. However, production of this kind of energy has been on the steady rise following growing concerns related to climate change, and the development of new biomass technologies among other factors. Following several studies conducted on the potential of bioenergy on a global scale taking into consideration population, yield and agricultural factors, it has been realized Africa and