Counseling Youth in Times of Crisis Free Essays

Counseling Youth in Times of Crisis â€Å"Teenagers can be like elephants. If youVe spent any time around them, this thought has probably crossed your mind, but hopefully wasn’t said out loud. † We sometimes think teenagers aren’t able to go far in life, or be anything but a problem. We will write a custom essay sample on Counseling Youth in Times of Crisis or any similar topic only for you Order Now Living a carefree life not worried about anything or one around them. Some adults have no idea of all the struggles teenagers have to deal with. Just like adults they deal with stress, death, peer pressure, and lots more. It is sometimes hard to see past the shield these youth have put up around them. They will test you until they trust you, ut only once they trust you will the real test come. Youth struggle with crisis Just like everyone else, and need a counselor or caregiver to help them through it. Eating Disorder â€Å"Eight million people in the United States suffer from an eating disorder, the most common of which is bulimia nervosa. Eighty six percent of suffers report the onset of the disorder before the age of twenty; only half report being cured. Six percent of serious cases die of the disorder. † This is very serious and should never be taken lightly. It is getting harder and harder to be a youth in our culture. They have to deal ith constant scrutiny of their peers and coaches; often comparing themselves to the airbrushed, photo shopped models in todays’ magazines. They try to be perfect while knowing they never can be. Some feel extremely guilty about what they are doing but the stress and guilt only leads to them doing it more. Here are some characteristics that are hints of Anorexia Nervosa: Looks not Just lean, but abnormally thin Extreme attraction/avoidance language and behavior regarding food Obsessive weighing Baggy clothes to hide shape Now here are some characteristics that are hints of Bulimia Nervosa: Abnormally requent trips to the bathroom abnormal fixation on exercise, no matter what Cuts and calluses on knuckles and backs of hands Car or closet smells of vomit When dealing with this in teenagers the first thing you need to do is make sure they are going to get proper treatment and counseling for their disorder. They need help and telling you was probably very hard, so don’t make them get other help by themselves and also help them inform their parents. Suicide If you are going to work with youth there is a chance that you will work with someone that has attempted suicide, contemplated suicide or had a friend commit uicide. â€Å"Suicide is the 3rd leading cause of death for 15- to 24-year-old Americans. An average ot one person dies by suicide every 16. 2 minutes. † A very good triend ot mine from high school committed suicide; although no one knows why he did it the last thing posted on his Facebook wall by a friend was the comment mfou’re gay’. His friend who posted this goes to the school counselor once a week now; he blames himself for his friend’s death; thinking it was Just an innocent Joke. Some of the signs that may alert a parent, teacher, youth leader, pastor or friend to a possible uicide attempt include: Previous suicide attempts Threats of suicide Talking about death Preparation of death (cleaning out locker, giving away possessions, etc. ) Depression Sudden change in behavior (acting out, violent behavior etc. Moodiness Withdrawal Somatic complaints (sleeplessness, sleeping all the time) Fatigue Increased risk-taking Drafting a suicide note We need to watch for these signs when dealing with youth and remember it is better to be safe in checking on a youth’s life, than sorry if they take their life. If you ask a teenager about an issue like this, I think, they are more likely to be thankful than to hink you upset. And if they are upset about you asking those questions about their feelings and life t he chances are they are trying to hide something from you or their parents. When someone comes to us about suicide it is vital that we listen to them and not throw the bible in their face. â€Å"Be nonjudgmental. Statements such as mfou can’t be thinking of suicide, it is against the teaching of your church† or â€Å"l had a similar problem when I was your age and I didn’t consider suicide† are totally inappropriate during a crisis situation. † We as caregivers should never make the are receiver feel unworthy of your time or lower their self-esteem. There are a few different reasons that youth attempt suicide: for attention, depression, loss, manipulation, and lots more. In saying that my sister has attempted suicide three times; she has done it for attention and she has also threatened suicide for the purpose of manipulation. But we should always remember that while the person attempting suicide may be your first concern the family and friends are suffering Just as much if not more. One of the times she was threating to commit suicide she grabbed a kitchen knife and tried to run to her room. Her boyfriend saw her grab it and was attempting to take it from her when my then 9 year old brother walked into the house. He could not see the knife and didn’t know what was going on; he only knew that his sister looked like she was being beaten up by her boyfriend. Naturally the first thing he did was try to get her boyfriend off of her. This led to the boyfriend yelling at my brother, â€Å"Go away! She is trying to kill herself. † When my brother heard this he ran to his room in tears. It was his snapping point after losing two of his grandparents and his Dad moving away. Now he is taking three medications and ees a counselor once a week. He has been diagnosed with depression, bipolar, and schizophrenic tendencies. He has never tried to attempt suicide but we a constantly watching for signs and praying for his health. I believe that he will never attempt suicide because we saw the signs as soon as they started to appear. But I believe that way too many times the siblings ot the suicide attempter are overlooked and not given the help that they may need. Always remember that suicide affects everyone around that person. Death I have never met someone who hasn’t dealt with death in some way; whether that s a friend, a parent, a grandparent, a significant other, a sibling, or they themselves are dying. The five stages of grief are: Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, and Acceptance. These steps may come in order, they may Jump around, or experience more than one at a time. There is no correct way to grieve it is a process that is different for everyone involved. Some youth may begin to act out when dealing with grief because; they don’t know what else to do. For some students this may be their first experience with death. When dealing with death we must explain to the youth ho is dealing with it that grief is a process. â€Å"Listen. When a teenager is grieving, this isn’t the time to view the conversation as a teachable moment. You don’t need to correct his perceptions or theology, nor do you need to give advice. You need to quietly and attentively listen to him. † When a teenager losses a parent or parents, make sure they don’t Just Jump into their new adult responsibilities before they are ready. Help them to realize the changes that have to be made in their daily life with the death of this person. Let them see what has to be changed and what kind of help they need to do that. Always make sure to be available to youth after a death. Be the one to text or call them they won’t always take the initiative to ask for help. Some common mistakes youth workers make when helping a teenager deal with grief are: Being overbearing, looking for teachable moments, hiding their own grief, etc. We want to help but we need to still be aware that the youth has a whole lot to deal with and needs some space to process everything. One of the worse things you can do is try to teach a grieving youth theology; they have enough to worry about and don’t need to have your opinions shoved at them too. How to cite Counseling Youth in Times of Crisis, Essays

Business Policy Project-Based Organizing And Strategic Management

Question: Describe about the Essay on Business Policy for Project-Based Organizing And Strategic Management? Answer: This study deals with company named Wal-Mart and elaborating on its competitive advantage in current market scenario. Strategic options are mentioned with proper justification in the study. This will bring detailed investigation on the growth strategy of Wal-Mart in the near future. Critical Competitive advantage of Wal-Mart Wal-Mart is one of the largest retail companies in and around the world. This particular company offers low prices products with high quality to the potential customers. Wal-Mart achieves success in the American Retail Markets. There are several factors namely: Tangible resources mainly include financial tangible resources in the physical tangible resources in an overall manner (Cattani, 2011). Financial Resources mainly contributes cost of goods sold for $192 billion. Physical tangible resources mainly operate in 4600 stores. This particular company concentrates in rural areas as well as small towns. Technology includes private satellite network for Wal-Mart. It mainly creates communication with suppliers. Electronic Data Interchange helps in communicating with the suppliers. Human Resources mainly concentrate organizational structure in Place and hiring senior managers in other areas. Transferability includes transfer to the Chinese markets by Wal-Mart. Wal-Mart maintains competitive advantage for external threats for meeting the needs of the customers in an overall manner (David, 2011). This particular company enhances International expansion and supporting social responsibility in buying products in the most appropriate way. How did Wal-Mart develop its advantages? Wal-Mart develops its advantages in retrieving for costs in case of profit margin by the manufacturers. This particular company ensures advantageous position in the retail sector. It includes development of hub as well as spoke distribution network. It involves low cost and increase in the delivery schedule. Wal-Mart involves good Human Resource Management as well as committed employees (Frynas Mellahi, 2011). Distribution channels of Wal-mart allows low-pricing structure and entering into new market. It mainly develops unique resources in the EDI system. It mainly focuses on the improved communication with suppliers as well as distribution centres. Wal-Mart enhances in improved inventory control in an overall manner. Wal-Mart involves in differentiated competition. It mainly launches and offers groceries for best shopping environment in an overall manner. It mainly creates strong brand name as well as good reputation in the retail industry in and around the world. It mainly concentrates on low prices as well as development of loyalty among customers for future growth perspectives in an overall manner (Henry, 2011). Customer Loyalty helps in increased development in case of reputation and helps in reduced price elasticity of demand in the most appropriate way. Sustainable advantage of Wal-Mart Wal-Mart ensures largest corporation and posses enormous status as well as reputation in the retail industry. It involves great at building as well as maintaining cordial relationship with the suppliers and stakeholders for the same. This particular business organization believes in continuous learning process with the help of integrated systems (Hitt, Ireland Hoskisson, 2011). It requires frequent meetings with store and conversation with managers. Wal-mart access over 70 million customers in and around the world. In case of distribution channels are concerned, it helps in logistics capabilities and adding with the entire system in an overall manner (Henry, 2011). Cross-docking as well as effective inventory management gives access with 3% cost advantage in an effective way. Assessment of Wal-Mart Competitors and ability to mitigate advantages Wal-Mart should face their competitors and involve in innovative strategy for mitigating the risk as far as possible. This particular retail organization should witness growing middle class of consumers in emerging markets like India and China (Cattani, 2011). This company should focus on global expansion and consolidation with the other related weak economy for the same. It needs to capture presence of new business channel for smooth functioning of business enterprise. Strategic Options of Wal-Mart Wal-Mart should plan for focussing on potential strategic options for better generation of revenue in the near future. This particular retail organization should plan on store investments as well as spend more on the E-commerce for enhancement of sales in an overall manner (David, 2011). They should plan for investing more money in the online business. It should plan for make changes in the store for attracting the potential customers and acquisition of new customers. To what extent do these options exploit Wal-Mart competitive advantages? Wal-Mart should implemment the above strategic options for gaining global presence and brand recognition in the near future. It will help in improving in the customer experience. Addition to that, Wal-mart can beat competitors easily on price terms (Frynas Mellahi, 2011). Finally, it will expand the product assortment in an overall manner. From the above analysis, it is easy to gather relevant information on growth strategy of Wal-Mart. This particular retail organization secures top-most position and finding ways for retaining in the global market. This study clearly defines the strategic competitive advantage as well as strategic options for the same. Reference List Cattani, G. (2011).Project-Based Organizing And Strategic Management. Bingley, U.K.: Emerald. David, F. (2011).Strategic management. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall. Frynas, J., Mellahi, K. (2011).Global strategic management. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Henry, A. (2011).Understanding strategic management. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Hitt, M., Ireland, R., Hoskisson, R. (2011).Strategic management. Mason, Ohio: South-Western Cengage Learning. Murphy, P., Murphy, A. (2012).Strategic management for tourism communities. Clevedon: Channel View Publications.

Dangers of Social Networking Sites Essay Example For Students

Dangers of Social Networking Sites Essay Is the current craze of these ubiquitous social networking sites becoming too much to handle? Some say yes, others might disagree. Social networking was created to connect friends and family together. Now, many predators use sites such as Facebook or Myspace to find their prey. This is the source of what parents are stressing about to their children. While many who use social media are enjoying meeting new people, they are also becoming distant from contact with real people and they are involved in a very surprising and dangerous environment. Around 2005, Myspace and Facebook were popping up on many computer screens; they allowed people to create a profile and share everything about themselves to the whole world. When social sites first were developed, they only linked people by their name and address. Since sites such as Xanga, Tagged, and Facebook were gaining so much popularity, more users were logging on, and online predators are becoming a problem. These sites are so easy, that it is not that hard for predators to â€Å"pose† as another person and trick young adults. It is extremely difficult to differentiate the real person that you are looking for from a fake. Young adults claim that social networks can help them connect with their friends and family, and also â€Å"meet like-minded people† ( Metz, par. 1). In some cases, business people such as Ron West, claim that he uses Facebook â€Å"to become acquainted with new customers†( par. 8). Yes, these types of websites are great tools to stay in touch with old classmatesand faraway family members. It is a great source of communication, but there is always a con to every pro. Even though users are connecting with others, users of social networks never know exact. .r stepsister Jordan. She boarded a plane to the Middle East not knowing what to expect. Of course her parents had figured out, and sent the police to come after Katherine. Katherine had put herself into a dangerous situation because she was getting engaged to a person that she had met on Myspace! She had never even met Abdullah before. A lesson that she should have learned when she was young, was to never speak to strangers. Social networking is becoming increasingly popular which creates more users. These sites contribute to people having faux emotions and more danger also arises. Do users of these sites want to put themselves in dangerous situations like Megan or Katherine? Or do they want to build up a strong relationship with someone and be crushed because it was never real. So be careful when social media is unexpected and dangerous.

Benefits of Studying Abroad Essays

Benefits of Studying Abroad Essays Benefits of Studying Abroad Essay Benefits of Studying Abroad Essay Jinq Kok Jessie Borgman ENG 1050 July 31, 2011 Benefits of studying abroad Education is a part of learning that has always been a part of our life and it is a never ending process. As education is a building block in our lives, we are willing to invest deeply into our education. Good education will bring us far with what they have to offer for our very own future. Currently in this modern day society, many of our universities and colleges in our own home country have grown tremendously and improved in all sectors and field. Some feel that it is sufficient to get an education in our home country and graduate which leads to finding a job after. Yet many also have the idea of studying abroad as a consideration. Does studying abroad really benefit us? Well, studying abroad does have some advantages and disadvantages. However in an open view of studying abroad, the advantage does trump the disadvantages. Mainly, the disadvantage that comes with studying abroad is personal such as the feeling of being alone and away from home. One may say that studying abroad is much more costly compared to studying locally and with the same education one will get, it is actually unnecessary spending. However, we often forget that education is not expenditures but it is an investment that comes with a long term benefit or return in the long run. The benefits that we gained from studying abroad are priceless and can’t be placed a price on. In addition, the knowledge and experience which we have gained while being abroad would forever be with us and nobody can take it away from us. Among the benefits of studying abroad is the opportunity to be more independent when they are out of their comfort zone at home. Based on a survey and research done by International Education for Students (IES), it was shown that a majority of the students who studied abroad realized that it is a catalyst to increase one’s maturity and self-independence. Many of us cannot deny that we are somehow spoilt when we are in our comfort zone, where we are always spoon-fed by our supporting members of the family. Apart from that, students who studies abroad tend to be more organized in their schedule and are forced to ensure all assignments for school and housework around the house is accomplished. It have also been said that a majority of the students who studied abroad also tend to be more confident. This is because, they are faced with different situations and scenarios in their studying life which they have not faced alone, making them much bolder in decision making on their own. Students would be exposed to different cultures apart from their own; they would develop a wider perspective on the country they are accommodating and the international perspective on the world. Many people from different countries nowadays have different views on different countries due to the misguidance from the mass media through movies and television shows. If we rely solely on education at our home country, we would not be exposed to the cultural diversities that differ from our own. Also, different countries differ in their teaching method, for example, majority of the European based education emphasizes more on the theory of a particular subject, while the American based education focuses on a more practical training and application of theories learnt in class. This would help students to decide which path to choose for their future, as no two students are the same. Some are more practical in their studies, and some are excellent students with the study and understanding on the theory of the subject. With the knowledge learnt abroad, we can always imply and train the people of our home country. The introduction of new technology brought from a different country back to our home country would benefit both us as a student and help improve the economy of our country. Studying abroad can be a great resume builder which would most certainly attracts the interest of the employer when they are reviewing the resume. Apart from that, students who have studied abroad are able to adapt much quicker to new surroundings which helps with the increase of international market businesses (Sullivan). It is with this sense of adaptation by students, that companies are pursuing and in the run to hire future employees with this criteria. In addition to the current limited economy suffered by many companies, they are now venturing and expanding to international market. Therefore, increasing the chances for students who study abroad as they have a wider knowledge on the international market including, language skills that one may have obtained during their stay abroad. An individual who have capability on conversing fluently in a foreign language in a foreign land would impress and place confidence of both the employers and business partners upon that individual. Learning an additional language apart from our mother tongue, would show that the applicant is initiated to learn another language and would prove to be useful in the field. Studying abroad does not bound us to only studying in lecture rooms and classes, as there is always freedom for individual to travel and explore all the historical sites and attractions that the hosting country has to offer. By staying in our home country, we may or may not have the time to travel around the world while we are studying, but being in a foreign land, just by being in our university area and exploring the surroundings would already be an adventure. Being a student in a foreign land supplies us with benefits, such as cheaper travel for us students with a tight budget who wants to see the world and what it has to offer. The world is still filled with all the wonders and mysteries that await our coming of seeking an adventure to explore all this wonderful gifts that have been given to us. Going on a travel during studies is one of the best experiences as we are more outgoing in nature and still excited to explore around. In conclusion, with all the advantages that have been spoken off, one would still hesitate about leaving the comfort of home with various thinking in their mind such as financial and fear of being alone in a far away land. But many of this is small matters that have a solution to it, such as financial studying abroad. Many universities are attracting students to come and study in their universities; therefore they are providing more financial aid and scholarship to students who are serious in pursuing a degree with them and gaining knowledge that they have to offer. However, we must take that one step of faith to make a decision and stand up on our own to pursue something better. Being abroad actually help moulds an individual into a more confident and outspoken person who cannot be built through the aid of classrooms and lecturers but through the lifestyle one chooses. Apart from that, being abroad widens our relationship with people with different backgrounds and cultural beliefs. In addition, by making more friends outside our circle, we enlarge our chances by knowing connections for a job offer in the future. Reference Sullivan, Erin. (2009). â€Å"Considering the Reasons to Study Abroad. † Dummies. com. Retrieved from dummies. com/how-to/content/considering-the-reasons-to-study-abroad. html Dwyer, Mary M. , Peters, Courtney K. (2004). â€Å"The Benefits of Study Abroad. † Transitionsabroad. com. Retrieved from transitionsabroad. com/publications/magazine/0403/benefits_study_abroad. shtml Curran, Sheila J. (2009). â€Å"Career Advantages of Studying Abroad. † Goingglobal. com. Retrieved from http://old. goinglobal. com/hot_topics/general_curran_abroad. asp

Gender Roles Throughout History Essays

Gender Roles Throughout History Essays Gender Roles Throughout History Essay Gender Roles Throughout History Essay Part one Gender roles of diverse cultures have differed immensely throughout history. The evolution of gender roles first began in the Paleolithic Age and then began to transform with the transformation of the Paleolithic Age to the Neolithic Age. Women in Mesopotamia, India, Greece, China, and Rome were not treated as equals and viewed as inferior to men. Cultures like Egypt and Persia had similar laws for women and treated them with more respect out of any of the other cultures. The Paleolithic Age was responsible for the introductions of many vital aspects of our world today such as, technology, agriculture, and gender roles. The Paleolithic culture was based on a hunter and gatherer society, which had a great influence on the gender roles of males and females. For the most part, the men were responsible for the hunting, mainly due to their physical build. Genetically speaking, men are normally larger in size, stronger, and more aggressive in comparison to women. Despite the large size and strength differences, both males and females were treated with equality. Women contributed to the Paleolithic society by being responsible for the gathering of edible plants and berries. Although gathering plants and berries is considered to be less dangerous and fairly easy when being compared to hunting, gathering was considered to be one of the most important contributions to Paleolithic society. When men went off to hunt, there was no guarantee that they would always be able to bring back enough meat, if any, to feed the community. The plants and berries gathered by the women were responsible for feeding the community daily, especially when the men were unsuccessful in their hunting trip. : Without the roles of both the women and men, the community would not have been able to survive. The Neolithic Age was the transformation and progression from the Paleolithic Age lifestyle. The transition of the different era’s influenced the gender roles of men and women, changing them based on the development of their new lifestyle. The main gender role difference between the Paleolithic Age and the Neolithic Age was male domination. Although men became much more dominant of the two genders, women were still treated with respect. Because of the size and strength advantage men had over women, men were responsible for most of the hard manual labor, while women were given roles more suited for their weaker and nurturing nature. Men started to realize that instead of hunting and killing animals, they should capture, domesticate, and breed the animals because it would be more beneficial to the community in the long run and provide a more stable lifestyle. The women also realized the importance of stability and collected seeds for an assortment of plants and fruits so they could invest their time in farming plants instead of gathering them. Because of the gathering role and responsibility women played in the past in the Paleolithic Age, women were very familiar with plants. Women understood how plants grew and the factors and environment needed in order to be successful in growing them, which is why women were responsible for the start of plant farming. Since communities did not have to relocate so often based on animal migration, and men and women did not have to spend several tiring hours searching for animals to hunt or food to gather, people had more time on their hands. This extra time allowed women to concentrate more on looking after their families and children, cooking, cleaning, and sewing. This led to men virtually being responsible for all the difficult labor. Unlike in the Paleolithic Age where men and women were equal and relied on each other for survival, men no longer needed to depend on women as much. Most of the responsibility for survival was placed on the men which is what ultimately led to their dominance. The religions and laws developed in Mesopotamia prevented women from asserting control in society. Elite classes such as priests and warriors manipulated religious beliefs to say male Gods were more valuable and dominant in comparison to female Gods. This led to justifying male domination over females in the Mesopotamian society. Men were in control and held the power, allowing them to abuse their wives, sell them into slavery to pay off debts, and partake in consensual sexual relations even if married, while women were drowned to death as punishment for committing adultery. In Mesopotamia, women were mostly responsible for tending to the children and household. Women did not have the power to make life decisions for themselves and instead, relied on the men in their family to make those decisions for them. In Egypt, although men were the dominant gender in society, women were treated with great respect, which led to a very stable and successful society. The Egyptians believed that the goal of life was happiness and viewed home and family life as the main source of it. Egyptian law basically treated women as equals for the most part. Women were allowed to hold positions of power, own property, own slaves, receive an education, and even borrow money. Although Pharaohs were normally men, certain circumstances allowed for women to hold the same title. The Egyptians believed that marriage and family were very important aspects in life. They believed that unconditional love and kindness were vital in a marriage and thought that husband and wife should always treat each other with respect. In regards to family, unlike many cultures that viewed children as another mouth to feed or another worker, Egyptians truly enjoyed their children and experienced much joy in their families. In India, public figures and important positions were given to men. Although women did not have any public authority or receive any formal education, they were still considered to be important to society by having much influence when it came to family life and were supposed to be treated with respect from their family and husband. Sometimes it was difficult for women to take of the household due to their young age. Beginning as a child, women were taught that they were supposed to devote their lives to men. Very young child brides were quite common in India but ceremonies would not take place until the child had gone through puberty. Also, according to the Laws of Manu, women were allowed to inherit property. Women could â€Å"influence affairs within their families but enjoyed no public authority† (Meridians, page 98). The Laws of Manu state, â€Å"deities delight in places where women are revered, but where women are not revered all rites are fruitless,† (Meridians, pg 78). The Code of Hammurabi does not give a lot of freedom to women. Also, the Code is very strict when it comes to marriage. The Code allowes fathers and brothers to arrange marriages and punishes cheating wives by sentencing them to death. Different from the Code of Hammurabi, the Laws of Manu stresses the importance of husbands revering their wives and keeping them happy (Meridians, P. 78). China was a patriarchal society where men were considered to be the leader of the household. Although women were not normally seen as public figures, women were considered to be very valuable in the home and family. In the beginning, women were actually considered to be extremely important because the female side passed power and the line of succession. However, there was one woman, Fu Hao, who stood out from all the rest during Shang times. Hao was in charge of her own estate and oversaw the sacrificial ceremonies that most men oversaw (Bentley Ziegler, pg 124). In Perisa, family and clans were considered to be very important. The Persian culture was considered much more laid back in comparison to many others because classes were free and people were given the freedom to practice any religion, pursue any profession, and even borrow money to start their own business. Unlike most cultures, women were able to enjoy social and legal freedoms and were a very active part of society. Women were treated with equality and respect. Females were permitted to take part in religious ceremonies and occasionally even serve as the priest. Their were no restrictions on relationships or marriage- young people in relationships were told to practice honesty and loyalty, and to always be faithful and share each others happiness (Notes on Iran, P. 1) . When selecting a husband, women were instructed to be wise but free to choose who to marry on their own (Notes on Iran, P. 1). Many women took on jobs of weaving textiles and were given portions of grain, wine, beer, and occasionally meat from the imperial and temple workshops who employed them (Traditions Encounters, P. 170). If the King passed away and the price was too young to rule, the kings wife was allowed to take the throne. Pourandokht was the first Persian Queen and was thought of throughout history as kind hearted and wise (Notes on Iran, P. 1). Persians tended to have a close knit family and parents were encouraged to teach their children right and wrong and the importance of equality. In Athens, Greece, women were seen as inferior to men, not very intelligent, and thought of to have strong emotions. Women had guardians who were their closet male relative or husband. The guardian system was set up because Athenian philosophers, other than Plato, thought that women needed to be protected from themselves and society so they could not cause any damage to themselves or others (Women in the Ancient World, P. 2). Women were not allowed to own any property other than clothing, jewelry, and slaves, and we only allowed to purchase inexpensive items. In order for a woman to gain citizenship, she had to marry a male citizen. Fathers were responsible for arranging marriages between their young daughters and older men who were normally in their twenties. Like Indian culture, the girls married after they went through puberty. The job of a wife was to have children and take care of their house. Wives were never supposed to leave their homes unless to attend special events or funerals. If a married woman was seen outside of her home without it being any of the above occasions, people considered her to be a prostitute, slave, or so poor that she had no choice but to work (Women in the Ancient World, P. 2). Women from Sparta were different from much of Greece because they were able to own and inherit land. Spartan women were known to be bold and run the household, but were not supposed to be seen as too dominant over their husbands in public. The main purpose of marriage for people of Greece was not for love, but for the purpose of breeding (Women in the Ancient World, P. ). In Rome, women were constantly under the authority of men. Roman law insisted that women had to obey their fathers until they married, then in which case, had to obey their husbands. Even if a woman was widowed, she was still supposed to have some kind of male supervision of her finances (Women in the Ancient World, Rome). Roman men greatly valued marriage and treated their wives with great respe ct. Although women were never allowed to hold office, several men listened to the advice of their wives when not in public. Women did not enjoy working and only did so if they were lower class and had to (Women in the Ancient World-Rome). The Paleolithic and Neolithic differed in gender roles due to the change in their lifestyles. In the Paleolithic Age, women and men were considered equals because they had to rely on each other equally in order to survive. The transition to the Neolithic Age caused men to dominant women since most of the responsibility for survival was placed on the shoulders of the men. Men no longer needed to rely on females as much as they had to in the Paleolithic Age. Mesopotamian culture treated women with very little respect. Men were allowed to abuse their wives, sell them into slavery, and even commit adultery. If a Mesopotamian woman ever committed adultery, she would be sentenced to death. The Egyptian culture and Persian culture are most comparable to one another in the sense that they embraced family, love and marriage and treated women with immense respect and equality. In India, ever since women were children, they were always taught that they were supposed to devote their lives to their husbands. Indian women had arranged marriages and married after they went through puberty, much like the Athens in Greece. In China, although women were normally not seen as public figures, they were considered to be very important in home and family life. Women of Athens, Greece, led very strict lives and were considered to be very weak minded and unintelligent. Like the Indian culture, they had arranged marriages and married mainly to breed offspring. Spartan women different from Athenian women in the sense they Spartan women were very as very bold and not weak minded at all. In Rome, women were under the constant authority of men. However, despite this, Roman men took the advice of their wives when given in private, and were dominant when in the public eye. Barry. Role of Women in Ancient Persia. Notes on Iran. Web. 21 Oct. 2009. Bentley J. H. Ziegler H. F. (2008). Traditions Encounters: A global perspective on the past . New York:McGraw-Hill[pic] Meridians: Sources in World History. (2009). Pearson Custom Publishing[pic] Thompson, James C. Women in the Ancient World. Women in the Ancient World. Nov. 2005. Web. 22 Oct. 2009.

Bibles, How they Differ and Have Changed over the Course of Time Research Paper

Bibles, How they Differ and Have Changed over the Course of Time - Research Paper Example The New Testament's writings were not considered complete until sometime from the first to the third century AD (Scott 1998) many people have the idea that the bible has been manipulated as time goes by. Others have gone to the extend arguing that it has been corrupted via copying which has altered some few messages in it. The composition of the bible is also raising some questions. The Christian are of the idea that the bible was written by people who were led by the spirit of God. They believe that God is the author of the bible, since, through his divine power, he communicated to individuals who wrote it. The Atheist, on the other hand claims that the disciples of Jesus are the ones who composed the bible. These myths have existed through many years, and it seems that there is no point when the truth will be known unless until when the Day of Judgment will be revealed. In reality, what has happened and will still continue happening is the translation of the bible into different la nguages and versions. History of the bible reveals that, the bible has been  converted from the first language which was Latin to English and then to other languages. It also reveals that the original manuscripts, which were written in Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek, have been copied over the centuries, making some few changes (Dowey 2006). Despite the few alterations, history has it that the bible has been intact as it was written at first and that it is the Word of God. The reliability of some of the accounts of the gospels has been severely attacked by scientists and historians. It is due to this turmoil that this paper tries to examine the bible, how it has changed over time and how the different versions differ. Versions of the Bible Presently, there are many versions of the bible which differ significantly. Examples of the versions that are dominant in the bookshops includes; King James version (KJV), New International version(NIV) , New American Standards(NAS), Good News and Ne w World Translation. These versions and many others which will be mentioned later in this paper claim to have the same message, but research has shown that they have some differences. The errors of omissions and insertions are evident when a variety of these versions is compared. They differ among themselves and also history has it that they do not reflect the original version of the bible. To prove this we shall sample a number of versions of the bible that exist in the modern day and examine how they have changed over time and the difference between them. King James Version The King James Version also known as the Authorized Version in the United States originated from England and was named after King James who initiated the project of translating the bible. It is said to be the widely used version of the bible. Despite the retaliations from clerics, the king made it mandatory that each church in England should use the newly translated bible and to keep a copy on the display all t he time. This may be the reason behind the name ‘Authorized Version’.  

Evaluate the career opportunities and challenges for a new Essay

Evaluate the career opportunities and challenges for a new practitioner in the film discipline - Essay Example It should be noted that the film industry have evolved majorly since 1880 and for nearly century and half it has become the main source of entertainment for the society (Rousseau 2012, p.132). The growth in the film industry has also led to the growth in the size; thus, the employment opportunities. The film industry has engulf numerous sectors due to the advancement in the technology and societal expectation thereby providing numerous job opportunities in line with acting, producing, directing, editing, special effect management, designing, and even adaption and translation (Hjort 2013, p.45). Other than acting, film discipline offers development in dram techniques that involves particularly fiction. Fiction is a human performance of theater. It is complex and combines numerous transitional elements to arouse feelings, ideas, as well as unique state of mind to the audients. Despite the career opportunities in filming industry, the industry also poses the numerous challenges; thus, t his easy aims at analyzing numerous career opportunities and challenges in the film profession. Career opportunities that practitioner of the film discipline varies with the interest line or profession that an individual is in interested to pursue. Despite the general introduction to the discipline, the practitioners may opt to specialize at different levels of study mainly in undergraduate or graduate levels. Some of the major career opportunities that filming for the practitioners includes animation, narrative, documentary, production, and screenwriting as well as dancing (Smith & Dean 2009, p.167). The studies of films and its related disciplines involve critical examination of theatre, film, music, dance, performance, and dramaturgy. Moreover, film production also requires the analysis of the performance of actors and film producers. Despite the career line of film studies, the field requires the studies of history of theatre, acting, dramatic theory and criticism,